If you're wondering whether you can feed eggshells back to your chickens, the short answer is yes. They're an easy and free way to provide your chooks with extra calcium.

Laying hens need lots of calcium to keep their eggs strong and their bodies healthy. Feeding them eggshells not only helps them produce stronger eggs but also reduces waste by recycling something your chickens already created.

Key Takeaways

• Eggshells are a free calcium boost to help laying hens to produce strong eggs.
• Rinse, bake and crush eggshells thoroughly to keep them safe for chickens.
• Don’t mix crushed eggshells with feed to avoid excess calcium in their diet.
• Offer shell grit or oyster grit alongside eggshells for balanced calcium intake.
• Some people are worried about encouraging egg-eating if feeding egg shell, but properly crushed eggshells won’t encourage bad habits.

Learn how to feed your chickens effectively with waste-reducing feeders.

Why Feed Eggshells to Chickens?

Laying hens work hard to lay eggs, and they need plenty of calcium to do it.

Without enough calcium, you’ll notice weak, soft, or brittle eggshells, and your chickens might even start pulling calcium from their own bones to make up for the lack.

This can lead to health problems over time.

Eggshells are an easy, natural solution. Instead of tossing them in the bin, you can recycle them to give your hens a top-up of calcium.

Quality layer feed has the optimal amount of dietary calcium, but feeding egg shells is still a good way to boost their diet. And especially when free-ranging, if your hens don’t free-range across a large area where they can find natural sources of calcium, feeding eggshells or other calcium source is an even more important part of their diet.

For best results, offer eggshells alongside other calcium supplements like shell grit or oyster grit. The combination of small particles (like eggshells) and large particles (like grit) ensures your hens get everything they need to lay strong eggs while maintaining healthy bones.

How to Prepare Eggshells for Chickens

Feeding eggshells is simple, but they need to be cleaned and crushed to make them safe and effective.

Here’s how to do it step by step:

1. Rinse the Shells

Rinse eggshells under running water to remove any leftover egg residue. This keeps the shells clean and reduces the risk of attracting pests or bacteria.

2. Dry or bake the Shells (Optional)

You can air-dry the shells in a clean spot or bake them in a low oven for extra safety. Baking isn’t usually necessary for eggshells from your own flock, but it can be helpful if you’re worried about disease or parasites. Bakin the shells also makes it a bit easier to crush them.

3. Crush the Shells

Break the shells into small pieces about the size of a fingernail or smaller. This stops your hens from recognising them as eggs, which can help prevent egg-eating behaviour.

How to Feed Eggshells Safely

1. Use a Separate Dish or Sprinkle Them on the Ground

Always feed crushed eggshells in a separate container or dish, away from your chickens’ regular feed. You can also throw the crushed eggshells on the ground around your chicken run for your hens to peck at them.

This allows the hens to choose how much calcium they need. Chickens are usually good at self-regulating their calcium intake.

2. Keep it Clean

Replace the eggshells if they get wet or dirty. Damp shells can grow bacteria, which isn’t good for your flock.

3. Don’t Mix with Feed

Mixing eggshells into regular feed might seem like a good idea, but it can lead to overfeeding calcium.

This is especially dangerous for non-laying chickens, like roosters, who don’t need as much calcium and can develop health problems if they eat too much.

Extra Calcium Sources for Your Flock

While eggshells are a great option, they’re not the only source of calcium for your chooks.

Here are some other ways to make sure your hens are getting the calcium they need:

• Shell Grit or Oyster Grit: These are essential large-particle calcium sources and should always be available alongside eggshells.
• Garden Snails: If you find snails in your garden, they’re a natural treat packed with calcium.
• Mealworms and Insects: Mealworms and other insects are an excellent source of calcium and protein.
• Commercial Grit Mixes: Many grit products include calcium along with charcoal and grit particles to aid digestion.

A closeup of crushed oyster shell grit.

Busting Myths About Eggshells

Myth 1: Feeding eggshells makes hens eat their own eggs.

If the eggshells are crushed properly, your chickens won’t associate them with fresh eggs. Egg-eating is more often caused by boredom or nutritional deficiencies, not feeding eggshells.

Myth 2: You must bake eggshells before feeding them.

Baking is optional. Fresh, clean, and crushed eggshells are perfectly safe for your hens, especially if the eggs are from your own flock.

Myth 3: Eggshells alone are enough for calcium

While eggshells are a good source of calcium, they shouldn’t be the only supplement. Laying hens benefit from both small-particle calcium (like eggshells) and large-particle calcium (like shell grit or oyster grit). The larger particles take longer to break down, providing a steady calcium release that improves eggshell quality and supports bone health.

Myth 4: You can’t feed eggshells to mixed flocks

You can feed eggshells even if you have roosters or non-laying hens, as long as you offer them separately. Chickens naturally regulate their calcium intake, so non-layers will generally avoid eating eggshells or grit. However, mixing them into feed increases the risk of overconsumption for birds that don’t need extra calcium.

Myth 5: Feeding eggshells makes eggs taste different

Feeding crushed eggshells to your chooks won’t affect the flavour of their eggs. Egg taste is more influenced by their overall diet, including access to fresh greens, grains, and quality layer feed.

Why Laying Hens Need Both Grit and Eggshells

Eggshells and shell grit work together to give your hens all the calcium they need.

Each type of supplement plays a specific role in their diet:

• Eggshells: These small calcium particles are quickly absorbed, giving your hens an instant boost when their bodies need it most.
• Shell Grit or Oyster Grit: These larger particles take longer to digest, providing a slow release of calcium that helps hens form strong eggshells.

By offering both, you ensure your hens get the right mix of calcium at the right time, keeping them healthy and laying consistently strong eggs.

Can You Feed Eggshells to Dogs and Other Pets?

Yes, you can feed eggshells to dogs and some other pets, but it needs to be done carefully.

Eggshells are rich in calcium, which can benefit dogs, especially those on homemade diets that lack enough calcium. To make them safe, rinse and bake the shells to kill bacteria, then grind them into a fine powder. Sprinkle the powder over your dog’s food in small amounts.

Avoid feeding large pieces of eggshells to dogs, cats, or other pets, as sharp edges could cause discomfort or digestive issues. Also, consult your vet before adding eggshell powder to your pet’s diet, especially if they’re already on a balanced commercial food or have specific health needs.

Cats or other small animals generally don’t need extra calcium from eggshells, so it’s best to stick to using them for your flock or compost.

Keep Your Flock Strong with Smart Calcium Supplements

Feeding eggshells to your chickens is an easy and cost-free way to support their health and productivity. By preparing and feeding them correctly, you can reduce waste and keep your hens laying strong, healthy eggs.

Remember, balance is key: combine eggshells with shell grit and always provide fresh, clean water to keep your flock in top condition.

Explore the Dine-A-Chook drinkers to simplify your setup and ensure your chickens are thriving.

Need more tips?

Feeding your chickens isn’t just about filling a bowl with corn can calling it a day. It’s about giving them the right nutrition, in the right way, to keep them thriving and laying strong eggs.

Whether you’re just starting out or looking to fine-tune your routine, understanding what and how to feed your chooks can make all the difference.

Laying chickens eat about 100-120 grams of feed per day. A good layer feed with 16–18% protein and balanced nutrients should form the core of their diet. This gives your laying hens the energy and nutrients they need for egg production and day-to-day activities. Chicks and pullets need some extra attention when feeding them.

Skipping a balanced feed and relying too much on scraps or grains can lead to health problems and poor egg production.

Don’t forget about water, it’s just as important as feed. A hen can drink about 500 ml of water a day, and it’s essential to keep it clean and fresh. Without enough water, your chickens may stop eating altogether or lay fewer eggs.

The equipment you use also matters for reducing wasted feed and keeping pests away. Using  quality feeders and drinkers not only makes feeding easier but also reduces waste, keeps feed dry, and keeps pests like rodents and wild birds away.

Key Takeaways about Feeding Chickens

• Chickens eat around 100–120 grams of feed daily, which costs roughly 20-30 cents per hen in New Zealand (excluding treats) if you buy chicken feed in bulk.
• Let your chooks have free access to their feed from dawn to dusk. It’s the best way to ensure they all get enough, even the lower-ranked birds in the pecking order.
• A good-quality layer pellet or micro-pellet with 16–18% protein is the best feed for laying hens. It prevents selective eating and gives them the nutrients they need.
• Making a nutritionally balanced chicken feed yourself at home can be difficult and may lead to nutritional deficiencies. We don't recommend making your own feed unless you understand the nutritional requirements well.
• Scraps and treats are fine in moderation but shouldn’t replace their main feed. Limit scraps to what they can eat in about 20 minutes.

Dine-A-Chook feeders and drinkers are perfect for Kiwi backyard keepers. They stop spillage, protect feed from the rain, and help keep pests out.

→  Shop for chicken feeder and drinker kits

Understanding Chicken Nutrition Basics

Healthy chooks need a diet packed with the right nutrients to keep them laying strong eggs and staying in good health.

Most commercial chicken feeds are designed to provide everything a bird needs. However, starchy fillers are far cheaper than high-protein seeds, so it’s important to read the analysis panel on the bag.

When choosing a commercial chicken feed, look for a mash or pelleted feed that contains:

• Protein: Laying hens need 16–18% protein in their feed to produce eggs and maintain energy. For extra benefits, proteins rich treats like mealworms or black soldier fly larvae are best because they’re easy for chickens to digest and use.
• Calcium: At least 2.5% calcium. Calcium is crucial for strong eggshells. Balanced layer feeds also include vitamins and minerals that chickens need to thrive.
• Fiber: A maximum of 10% fiber.
• Ideally, unless you are providing a supplement, you also want your feed to be fortified with essential vitamins (especially A, E, D3, and B vitamins), minerals (including iron, iodine, and zinc), and fatty acids.

The Role of Grit and Calcium

Chickens don’t have teeth, so they need grit to help grind up their food. Grit sits in their gizzard, breaking down feed so it can be digested properly.

Shell grit is a great option because it also gives them a calcium boost, which is essential for strong eggshells.

Always provide free access to grit. Your hens will take what they need, helping them digest their food and produce high-quality eggs.

You can buy grit at most pet stores and farm supply stores.

What Is the Best Diet for Chickens?

Based on customer feedback, the most common diet for backyard chickens is some type of grain mix supplemented with leftovers, kitchen scraps, and garden waste. While this sounds like a "natural" diet for a chicken, it is NOT recommended for laying hens.

Layers need a high-protein diet for egg production. Most commercially available grain mixes are low in protein, and hens are distracted from their main source of energy and nutrition by a smorgasbord of treats in the form of kitchen and garden waste. These treats, while tasty, are unlikely to meet their dietary requirements.

This doesn’t mean that chickens cannot have kitchen scraps and garden waste, or that grain mixes should be forbidden. However, for better health and egg production, we recommend feeding chickens a complete feed in crumb or pellet form, supplemented by no more leftovers, kitchen scraps, garden waste, or scratch mix than can be consumed in about 20 minutes.

Limiting garden waste and kitchen scraps will not only ensure that laying hens get the balanced nutrition they need, but it may also help control rodents in the chicken coop by removing easily available food sources like rotting scraps. For more information, explore our Chicken Feeders to help keep your coop clean and efficient.

Feeding Routines Made Simple

Here are the basics you must know about feeding routines:

How Much Feed Do Chickens Need?

On average, a hen eats 100–120 grams of feed a day. Adjust this slightly depending on their size, breed, and the weather (chooks tend to eat more in winter).

It’s important to avoid overfeeding scraps or energy-rich treats like corn or bread, as this can throw off the balance of their diet.

Stick to a quality layer feed as their main food source. In general, store bought chicken feed has been engineered to have the nutrients and macros your flock needs.

Best Feeding Schedule

The best way to feed chickens is to give them free access to their feed from dawn to dusk. This allows them to eat as they need throughout the day, which aligns with their natural foraging instincts.

Avoid fixed feeding times, as this can cause chickens to gorge on food, leading to poor digestion and potential crop issues like  sour crop (crop is where chickens store food before is moves further down in the digestion track).

At night, you may want to remove feeders to keep pests like rats or mice away. Your chickens don’t eat at night, so this also keeps things tidy and safe. Another option is to get a  feeder closure cap for your Dine-A-Chook feeder to close them up for the night.

Managing the Pecking Order

In every flock, there’s a pecking order. Dominant chickens often eat first, which can mean smaller or lower-ranked hens don’t get enough.

To avoid this, use multiple feeders or place feeders in different spots. This ensures all your hens get their fair share without stress or bullying.

Practical Feeding Methods

Always keep feed off the ground to prevent contamination from dirt or droppings. Feed left on the ground can attract pests or spread disease.

A waste-reducing feeder, like the Dine-A-Chook Waste-Reducing Feeder, is a smart investment. These feeders protect feed from rain, pests, and spillage, saving you money and keeping your chooks healthy.

How Many Feeders Do I Need?

We recommend you to have at least one feeder for every 6-8 birds.

We made a simple calculator to estimate how many chicken feeder you should get for your flock!

Choosing the Best Feed for Laying Hens

For healthy and productive hens, stick to premium layer pellets, micro-pellets, or crumbles.

These have the right balance of nutrients and 16–18% protein your chickens need for strong eggs and good health.

Unlike grain and scratch mixes, these feeds stop chickens from picking and choosing, so they get all the nutrition they need in every bite.

It’s best to avoid:

• Scratch mixes: They don’t have enough nutrients and often lead to waste.
• Molasses-coated feeds: These are messy and can attract pests.
• Homemade diets: Balancing nutrients at home is tricky without expert advice.

Looking for more tips on picking the right feed for the best egg production? Check out Best Chicken Feed for Laying Hens in New Zealand.

Protein Needs for Layers

Protein is one of the most important parts of a chicken’s diet, especially for laying hens. They need 16–18% protein in their feed, but free-range breeds may need up to 20% to make up for gaps from foraging. This is because the forage can often be lower in protein, unless there's a lot of bugs and worms for them to eat.

Add high-protein supplements like:

• Mealworms
• Black soldier fly larvae

These are packed with amino acids, which help hens stay healthy and lay consistently.

Feed by Age

Chickens need different types of feed as they grow. Here’s a quick guide:

• Chicks (0–6 weeks): Start with medicated chick starter if they aren’t vaccinated. Use a small bowl or plate for feeding, and you can introduce them to a Dine-A-Chook Drinker for fresh water right away. Learn more in our guide: What to Feed Baby Chicks.
• Pullets (6–22 weeks): Switch to grower feed or keep them on chick starter until they’re ready to lay.
• Laying Hens (18 weeks+): Feed them a good layer pellet with 16–18% protein.
• Roosters and Non-Layers: They can eat grower feed or layer pellets.
• Breeding Birds: Add extra supplements or use breeder feed to support their higher needs.

Supplements and Free-Range Feeding

Free-ranging hens enjoy scratching for food, but it’s not always enough to keep them laying. Give them extra nutrients to stay in top condition.

• Vitamins and minerals: Add low-dose supplements to fill gaps in their diet. Avoid high-dose supplements unless treating a deficiency.
• Protein supplements: Free-range hens often need extra protein, so treats like mealworms can help keep them laying eggs regularly.

Adding these extras keeps your hens in great shape while making up for what they might miss during foraging.

Scraps, Treats, and Feeding Tips for Chickens

Are Scraps Healthy?

Chickens love scraps, but it’s important to remember that scraps are not nutritionally complete. They can take the place of essential nutrients your hens would get from a quality layer feed. Common scraps like bread, pasta, and fruit are often low in protein or high in empty calories, which doesn’t support egg production or overall health.

If you’re feeding scraps, always think of them as a treat, not a replacement for their main feed.

Feeding Guidelines for Scraps

Scraps should be given in moderation. A good rule of thumb is to offer only as much as your chickens can eat in 20 minutes, once a day, ideally in the late morning or afternoon after they’ve eaten their layer feed.

Tips for feeding scraps:

• Clean up any uneaten scraps right away to prevent pests and mould.
• If scraps are a regular part of your routine, balance their diet with extra protein, like dried mealworms.

For more detailed advice, check out our guide on What Food Scraps Are Safe for Chickens to Eat.

Best Scraps for Chickens

Chickens can enjoy a variety of scraps, but it’s important to pick ones that add value to their diet. Great options include:

• Leafy greens
• Fruit and vegetable scraps
• Cooked grains
• Seeds
• Cooked meat, fish scraps (but be mindful that meat scrap will spoil fast, so remove uneated scraps after an hour or two)

Forage greens are also a great source of nutrition, but feed them in moderation. Avoid giving long or tough greens, as these can cause crop impaction.

Scraps to Avoid

Not all scraps are safe for chickens.

You should of course avoid feeding anything mouldy, rancid, or “off.” I hope this is obvious to all chicken keepers!

Some foods are toxic to chickens and should never be given, including:

• Raw potatoes
• Coffee grounds
• Chocolate
• Avocado
• Dried beans
• Rhubarb leaves
• Sugary or highly processed foods

For a full list of foods chickens shouldn’t eat, see our article: What Not to Feed Chickens.

Eggshells and Forage Greens

Crushed eggshells can be a great source of calcium for your hens, but they should only be fed as a supplement, not a replacement for shell grit. Always use clean, dry eggshells from your own flock to avoid contamination.

It's also important to not feed whole eggs or large chunks of eggs, because it might encourage your birds to start eating freshly laid eggs as well!

Planting forage greens in the chicken run can keep your chickens entertained while adding nutrition to their diet. It’s an easy way to combine enrichment with feeding.

Healthy Treats for Chickens

Treats are a fun way to spoil your chooks, but stick to options that offer real benefits.

Some healthy choices include:

• High-protein treats: Dried mealworms, black soldier fly larvae, and insects.
• Hydration treats: Fruits like watermelon are perfect for hot summer days.
• Occasional whole grains: Scratch mixes can aid digestion, but only feed them in small amounts.

Treats for Chicks

Baby chicks need extra care when it comes to feeding.

Avoid giving them scraps or treats until they are fully feathered and outdoors. Once you introduce treats, make sure to offer grit alongside them to help with digestion.

Equipment Every Keeper Needs

Why Dine-A-Chook Feeders Are the Best Choice

A good feeder is one of the most important tools for chicken keepers. Dine-A-Chook feeders are specially designed to make feeding easier while protecting your flock’s food from pests and bad weather.

Here’s why they’re the best choice:

• They keep feed dry, even during heavy rain.
• Their design stops pests like rats and wild birds from stealing food.
• They work perfectly with pellets, micro-pellets, and crumbles, making them versatile for any feeding routine.
• Waste is kept to a minimum, saving money and keeping the area around the feeder clean.

Check out our range of feeders: Dine-A-Chook Feeders.

Matching Drinkers to Your Flock Size

Water is just as important as feed, and your chickens need clean, fresh water available at all times. Automatic drinkers, like those from Dine-A-Chook, make this simple and hygienic.

Benefits of automatic drinkers:

• They provide a constant supply of water without contamination from dirt or droppings.
• Their design helps reduce the risk of diseases caused by stagnant or dirty water.

Find the right drinker for your flock here: Dine-A-Chook Drinkers.

Preventing Waste and Mess

Poorly placed feeders can lead to wasted food, mess, and even attract pests.

Here are some tips to keep feeding tidy:

• Always place feeders off the ground to stop chickens from scratching feed onto the floor.
• Keep feeders away from rain and wind to stop moisture from spoiling the feed.
• Use feeders designed to minimise spillage, like Dine-A-Chook feeders, to keep feed loss to a minimum.

Feed Storage Tips

Proper storage is essential to keep feed fresh and nutritious.

Here’s how to do it right:

• Store feed in a cool, dry place, away from rodents and moisture.
• If you’re using a metal bin, keep the feed in its original bag to prevent condensation.
• Avoid buying large quantities of feed for small flocks. Nutrients can degrade over time, so it’s better to buy only what you need for a few months.

Troubleshooting Feed Problems

Here are answers to some of the most common chicken feeding problem new keepers might be facing!

Selective Eating

If your chickens are picking out their favourite bits and leaving the rest, it’s time to switch to a uniform feed like pellets or crumbles.

These ensure every bite has the right balance of nutrients, preventing imbalanced diets and waste.

Selective eating is common with grain mixes or scratch feeds, so sticking to complete feeds is the best way to keep your flock healthy and productive.

Rodents and Wild Birds

Rodents and wild birds can quickly become a problem if they’re stealing feed or contaminating your chickens’ food.

Here’s how to keep pests out:

• Remove feeders and uneaten scraps at night when pests are most active.
• Use rodent-proof storage containers to keep feed safe.
• Install bird netting around feeding areas to prevent wild birds from accessing the feed.

By managing pests, you’ll save feed and reduce the risk of disease spreading to your chickens.

Feed Contamination

Feed contamination is a serious issue that can harm your flock’s health.

Always protect feed from faeces, urine, and moisture. Contaminated or mouldy feed can make your chickens sick and should never be given to them.

To prevent contamination:

• Use feeders that keep feed off the ground and away from dirt.
• Store feed in dry, secure containers.

When in doubt, throw out spoiled feed—it’s better to be safe than sorry.

Overweight Chickens

If your chickens are putting on too much weight, it’s usually a sign they’re eating too many scraps or treats.

Limit these extras and focus on a balanced layer feed.

For particularly overweight birds, you might need to separate them during feeding times to better control their intake. Managing portion sizes and sticking to quality feed will help them get back on track.

Loss of Appetite

If your chickens aren’t eating, it’s important to figure out what’s causing the problem and address it quickly.

Common reasons include:

• Poor-quality feed: Always check the freshness and quality of your feed.
• Illness or bullying: Sick or bullied chickens may avoid the feeder.
• Heat stress: In hot weather, chickens may eat less, so ensure they have access to cool water and shady spots.

Once you identify the issue, take steps to fix it and get your chickens eating normally again.

Practical Feeding Plan for New Chicken Keepers

A simple and consistent feeding routine keeps your chooks happy, healthy, and laying well.

Here’s a practical daily plan for beginners:

• Morning: Start the day by feeding your chickens layer pellets or crumbles. Each hen needs about 100–120 grams daily. This should form the bulk of their diet. Dine-A-Chook feeders can hold feed up to 5-7 days so yo might not even need to fill the feeder every day.
• Throughout the day: Make sure your chickens have access to clean water and grit at all times. These are essential for digestion and hydration.
• Afternoon: Offer occasional treats like dried mealworms or black soldier fly larvae for extra protein. High-protein treats are especially helpful for free-range birds.
• Evening: Consider remove feeders at night to prevent pests like rats and mice from stealing food. If you don't have issues with mice and rats you can also leave the feeders in place for the night. Chickens don't eat usually eat after they go roost, which is soon after sunset time.

Keep in mind the specific needs of your flock. Adjust feeding based on their age, breed, and activity level.

For example, free-ranging birds may need additional protein supplements to make up for what they miss while foraging.

Keep Your Flock Happy and Healthy

Feeding chickens doesn’t have to be complicated, but getting it right makes a big difference. A balanced diet and proper equipment lay the foundation for strong, productive chickens.

Remember to:

• Make layer feed the core of their diet and use scraps and treats sparingly to add variety without reducing their nutrition.
• Use Dine-A-Chook feeders and drinkers to simplify feeding, save time, and reduce waste. These are great tools to keep feed dry and pest-free while ensuring your chickens always have fresh water.

Ready to simplify your chicken-keeping routine? Check out our feeders and drinkers or contact us for expert advice if you have any questions!

Keeping your chooks in top shape starts with their diet, and protein is one of the most important nutrients they need. Protein is the building block for feathers, eggs, and healthy muscles.

A quality feed matched to your chickens’ stage of life (like layer pellets for laying hens or starter feed for chicks) already has the right amount of protein and minerals. That’s the simplest way to give enough protein to your hens.

But what if your hens seem a bit run down? Maybe they’re moulting, struggling to grow feathers back, or your chicks need extra protein to grow strong.

For moments like these, you can boost their diet with a treat or high-protein foods. The trick is knowing when they really need it and how to avoid upsetting the balance of their feed. And don’t forget, a good feeder saves you money and feed—less mess means more nutrients go to your chooks.

We recommend checking out our waste-reducing chicken feeders to keep your feed in the feeder, not scattered on the ground.

Key Takeaways about Protein for Chickens

• Chickens need protein to stay healthy and productive. Feathers, eggs, and muscles all need protein.
• Choose a quality feed with at least 16-22% protein depending on the stage of life. Lower-quality feeds like cheap scratch mixes often don’t provide enough protein.
• If your chickens free-range or eat kitchen or garden scraps, this can lower their overall protein intake, so you may need to supplement their diet.
• Adding extra protein is helpful during times like moulting, chick growth, or cold weather.
• Mealworms, cooked eggs, and black soldier fly larvae are excellent high-protein treats for chickens.
• A reliable feeder like Dine-A-Chook’s waste-reducing feeders ensures that feed doesn’t go to waste.

Why Protein is Key for Chooks

Protein is essential for chooks because it’s the main ingredient in eggs, feathers, and muscle.

Laying hens need about 16% protein in their diet to keep laying strong eggs, while chicks need even more, up to 20%, to support their rapid growth.

Most of your chickens’ diet should come from a complete feed made for their stage of life, like layer pellets, grower feed, or chick starter. But not all feeds are created equal. Some cheaper scratch mixes or lower-quality feeds might have only 15% protein—or less—which isn’t enough to meet a laying hen’s needs. Always check the protein content when choosing a feed.

If your chooks free-range or get lots of scraps, this can also affect their total protein intake. While kitchen scraps or garden greens like lettuce and veggie leaves might be nutritious, they’re usually low in protein. If scraps or foraging make up a big part of their diet, you might need to balance it out with higher-protein options.

The 10 Best Protein Sources For Chickens

If you need to add some extra protein to your chickens' diet, here are our recommendations to give some extra protein for chickens.

1. Mealworms

Mealworms are a classic treat for chickens, and for good reason. They’re about 50% protein and packed with nutrients. Offer these as treats, especially during moulting when your chooks are regrowing feathers.

2. Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Another excellent option is black soldier fly larvae, which are sustainable and packed with protein and calcium. These are especially good for laying hens since calcium helps with strong eggshells.

3. Cooked Eggs (But Prepare Them Right...)

Feeding cooked eggs back to your chickens might feel odd, but they’re one of the best protein sources available. Just make sure they’re cooked to prevent egg-eating habits.

You can also feed the egg shells to your chickens for some extra calcium and minerals.

4. Fish Scraps

If you’ve got leftover fish, your chooks will love it. Fish is rich in protein and omega-3s, which are great for egg quality. Keep it as an occasional treat to avoid strong-tasting eggs. And make sure it's cooked and fresh.

5. Meat Scraps

Cooked lean meat is a high-protein boost your chooks will gobble up. Just avoid anything fatty, salty, or seasoned and make sure to remove uneaten meat scraps after an hour or two to avoid spoiling or attracting pests.

6. Pumpkin Seeds

If you’ve got a pumpkin patch or leftover pumpkins, save the seeds for your chooks. They’re rich in protein and may have natural deworming properties. It’s a seasonal treat they’ll love, but it’s best to feed seeds in moderation.

7. Peas and Lentils

Peas and lentils are high in protein and a good plant-based option. Just be sure to cook them first, as raw legumes can contain toxins that can be fatal to your chickens. Add occasionally for a balanced boost.

8. Quinoa

Cooked quinoa is a nutrient-rich addition to your chickens’ diet. It’s high in protein and easy for them to eat, making it a great option if you’re looking for variety.

9. Yoghurt

Plain yoghurt is a great protein source that also supports gut health with probiotics. It’s especially helpful if your chooks are recovering from illness or stress. Don't give them sugary or flavoured yoghurts—stick to plain varieties. Also, too much yogurt can give them tummy issues. A spoonful every now and then is enough.

10. Bugs and Insects

Chickens are natural foragers, and the bugs they find while scratching around are a perfect protein source. Beetles, worms, and ants all make for nutritious snacks. Letting your chooks free-range in the garden can supplement their protein intake naturally.

Practical Protein Tips for Different Flock Types

Laying Hens

Laying hens need feed with at least 16% protein to maintain consistent egg production. If your hens are slowing down, check their diet for low-protein scraps or poor-quality feed. During moulting, boost protein with treats like mealworms or black soldier fly larvae to help with feather regrowth.

Growing Chicks

Chicks grow fast and need feed with 18–20% protein in the first 8 weeks of life. Starter feed is specially designed for their needs. If you’re raising meat birds, they may require even higher protein levels to support rapid muscle development.

Free-Range Flocks

Free-ranging chickens naturally forage for protein-rich bugs, but their total diet can still fall short if they rely too much on greens or scraps. Keep their base diet as a quality layer or grower feed and use treats like cooked eggs or insects to balance it out.

Healthy Chooks Start with the Right Feed

Providing enough protein doesn’t have to be complicated. The best protein for chickens is a complete feed with some occasional high-protein foods like mealworms.

A good feed matched to your flock’s life stage does most of the work, and supplements can help during moulting, chick rearing, or cold weather. Just remember that balance is key—too much protein can upset their digestion, while too little leads to poor egg production and feather quality.

Don’t let feed go to waste! Dine-A-Chook’s waste-reducing feeders help ensure every pellet goes to your chooks, not the ground.

If you’ve got questions about your flock’s diet, contact us for expert advice.

Happy chicken keeping!

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Giving your laying hens the right feed is key to healthy, reliable egg production. Layer feed is specially made for hens, with the right mix of protein, calcium, and other nutrients to keep them strong and productive. It’s not enough to throw a handful of grain their way—hens need a balanced diet that supports the demands of laying eggs.

High-quality layer feed, especially with the FeedSafeNZ logo, guarantees your flock is getting safe, top-quality feed. Pairing this with a waste-reducing feeder like the Dine-A-Chook Chicken Feeder means you’re not throwing money away on wasted feed.

Key Takeaways

• Layer Feed is Specially Designed: Contains 16–18% protein and 3.5–4.5% calcium to meet laying hens' unique needs.
• FeedSafeNZ Certified Brands: Look for the FeedSafeNZ logo for safe, high-quality feed made in New Zealand.
• Premium and Organic Options: Smaller manufacturers offer organic and boutique options that are great for natural feeding.
• Homemade Feed Falls Short: It’s hard to balance nutrients like protein and calcium at home, leading to poor health and low egg production.
• Stop Waste with a Better Feeder: Use a Dine-A-Chook Chicken Feeder to save feed and money.

Why Choose Layer Feed for Laying Hens?

Layer feed is the best option for hens that are actively laying because it’s specifically formulated to support their needs.

Protein is critical for energy and egg formation, while calcium helps produce strong eggshells. The typical protein content in layer feed is 16–18%, which supports both egg production and overall health.

Calcium levels in layer feed range from 3.5–4.5%, a must-have for hens that lay daily. Hens that don’t get enough calcium may lay eggs with thin shells or even develop health problems.

On the other hand, grower feeds or general-purpose grains can leave your laying hens short on these essential nutrients.

Another important difference is the inclusion of vitamins like D3, which helps hens absorb calcium more effectively. Without this, even a high-calcium diet won’t provide the benefits your hens need. Layer feed also includes other important nutrients, like phosphorus for metabolic processes and vitamin A for overall health.

Not all layer feeds have added minerals and vitamins. Look for a "complete layer feed" that has these nutrients. You can also supplement calcium and vitamins separately with poultry feed additives or supplements.

What Is FeedSafeNZ-Certified Feed?

FeedSafeNZ, introduced in 2015, is a programme run by the New Zealand Feed Manufacturers Association (NZFMA) to ensure feed quality and safety.

Brands with the FeedSafeNZ logo undergo testing to guarantee they meet the high standards expected by Kiwi farmers and backyard chicken keepers.

If you want to be confident in the quality of your feed, the FeedSafeNZ logo is a great starting point.

These brands produce feed that’s safe, nutritionally balanced, and free from contaminants. Find accredited brands here.

For those seeking organic or premium options, smaller manufacturers offer high-quality alternatives.Organic feed is often free from synthetic chemicals, making it a great choice for natural feeding. Many premium options are also enriched with extra nutrients or made with non-GMO ingredients, ideal for backyard keepers who value high-quality ingredients.

Where to Buy Layer Feed in New Zealand

Layer feed is widely available in New Zealand, whether you need a small bag or a bulk order for a larger flock.

1. Smaller Orders (10–20 kg Bags):
   • Petstock NZ
   • PGG Wrightson
2. Bulk Orders by the Tonne:
   • MainFeeds: A trusted supplier for farmers needing large quantities.
   • Denver Stock Feeds: Known for reliable delivery and consistent quality.

Both options cater to different needs, whether you’re keeping a few hens in your backyard or managing a small-scale poultry farm.

Essential Nutrients for Laying Hens

A good layer feed should include:

• Protein (16–18%): Supports muscle health and energy for egg production.
• Calcium (3.5–4.5%): Essential for hard eggshells.
• Vitamins A, D3, and E: Promote overall health and immunity.
• Phosphorus and Magnesium: Key for bone strength and metabolic functions.

Meeting these levels with homemade feed requires expert knowledge. Without proper balance, your flock could develop nutritional deficiencies.

Why Homemade Layer Feed Often Falls Short

Plenty of chook keepers in New Zealand swear by making their own feed at home, and many say it hasn’t affected their hens' egg production or quality.

Making your own layer feed might seem like a cost-effective and personalised option, but it’s incredibly difficult to meet the nutritional needs of laying hens without expert knowledge.

A layer hen needs a diet with 16–18% protein to keep up with egg production demands. This can be challenging to achieve with homemade mixtures, as many common grains like corn and wheat are low in protein.

Calcium is another essential nutrient that’s hard to balance in homemade feed. Hens laying eggs daily require 3.5–4.5% calcium in their diet to produce strong eggshells.

Without enough calcium, hens will draw from their own bones, potentially leading to osteoporosis or egg-binding issues. Store-bought layer feed have these nutrients in right quantities.

Homemade feeds often lack key vitamins such as D3, which helps hens absorb calcium, or phosphorus, which is critical for metabolism.

Poorly balanced feed can lead to brittle eggshells, a drop in egg production, or even poor feather quality and weight loss in your hens.

Common Feeding Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Many backyard chicken keepers unknowingly make feeding choices that don’t fully meet their hens’ nutritional needs. One common issue is relying on grain mixes or scratch feed as a primary diet. While these may look appealing and are often marketed as popular options, they tend to be low in protein, with levels as low as 15%. This isn’t enough to support healthy egg production, particularly for hens recovering from moulting or those laying daily.

Another issue is selective feeding. Chickens often pick out the tastiest bits in grain mixes, such as corn or sunflower seeds, and leave behind essential components. This means your hens are missing out on important nutrients like protein, calcium, and vitamins. Grain mixes also attract pests like rats, as uneaten feed is left behind.

The best solution is to switch to a crumbed or pelleted feed. These are scientifically balanced to include 16–18% protein, at least 3.5–4.5% calcium, and other key nutrients like Omega-3 fatty acids for healthier eggs. Crumbed or pelleted feed prevents selective feeding, as every bite contains the nutrients your hens need.

If your hens are recovering from moulting or showing signs of a dietary deficiency, consider adding a vitamin and mineral supplement to their diet. This can help speed up feather regrowth and boost their overall health. Supplements are also beneficial for breeding birds or hens facing stressful conditions like weather changes.

Practical Tips for Feeding Your Hens

1. Use Layer Feed as a Staple Diet
   While treats like fruit or greens can add variety, the majority of your hens’ diet should be a high-quality layer feed. This ensures they get the nutrients they need daily without overloading on low-nutrition scraps.
2. Supplement with Calcium if Needed
   Even with a good layer feed, hens may need extra calcium depending on their laying rate. Crushed oyster shells or limestone grit (offered separately and not mixed into the feed) can give them an extra boost without overloading their main diet.
3. Provide Clean, Fresh Water
   Egg-laying takes a lot of energy, and dehydration can reduce production. Make sure your hens always have access to clean water, preferably with a system like a Dine-A-Chook Chicken Drinker that prevents contamination.
4. Store Feed Properly
   To keep feed fresh and free from pests, store it in a cool, dry place. Use sealed containers to prevent moisture and rodents from getting in, as damp or mouldy feed can be harmful to hens.

Stop Wasting Feed with a Better Feeder

Even the best feed is wasted if it ends up on the ground or eaten by pests like rats and sparrows.

A waste-reducing feeder, such as the Dine-A-Chook Chicken Feeder, helps solve this problem. These feeders are designed to prevent spillage and keep pests out, saving you money while ensuring your hens have clean, accessible food.

Using a feeder like this can reduce feed waste almost completely, especially if you’re currently using open bowls or trays that hens can easily knock over.

It’s a simple upgrade that pays for itself quickly in saved feed costs.

Giving Your Hens the Best Feed

Your hens rely on a balanced diet to stay healthy and productive. Choosing a high-quality layer feed ensures they’re getting the protein, calcium, and essential nutrients needed for strong eggshells and consistent laying.

Pair the right feed with tools like a waste-reducing Dine-A-Chook Chicken Feeder to make sure every grain goes to good use.

Happy chicken keeping!

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Scaly leg mites can wreak havoc on your chooks, causing discomfort and potentially permanent damage to their legs and feet if left untreated.

These tiny parasites burrow under the scales on a chicken’s legs, creating a bumpy, raised appearance. The condition isn’t just painful for your birds, it’s also highly contagious and can spread quickly through your flock.

Early intervention is key, and the good news is that with the right care and tools, you can treat scaly leg mites effectively while keeping your hens comfortable and healthy.

If you're a beginner backyard keeper, you're not alone. Many chickens owners are caught off guard by this common issue. Catching scaly leg mites early and acting quickly is the best way to protect your flock. By combining good management practices, natural remedies, and preventative care, you can keep scaly mites under control.

Before you dive into treatment, check out our guide on everything you need to start keeping chickens in New Zealand for a solid foundation in chicken care.

Key Takeaways

• What are scaly leg mites? Parasites that burrow under the leg scales of chickens, causing swelling, crusting, and lameness.
• Symptoms: Raised, bumpy scales, flaky skin, and potential deformities.
• Treatment: Soaking with soapy water or Epsom salts, applying natural or veterinary-approved treatments, and regular coop cleaning.
• Prevention: Good hygiene, quarantine for new birds, and regular inspections. Providing dust baths with diatomaceous earth can also help prevent mites.

What Are Scaly Leg Mites and What Causes Them?

Scaly leg mites ( Knemidocoptes mutans) are microscopic parasites that burrow into the skin beneath a chicken’s leg scales. They feed on keratin, causing the scales to lift and thicken. This leads to chickens' legs having flaky, dry skin usually with swelling and inflammation.

Picture with examples how chicken legs affected by scaly leg mites typically look like.

These mites are highly contagious and spread easily between birds, either through direct contact or shared surfaces like perches and nesting boxes.

The mites thrive in dirty or damp environments, especially where hygiene isn’t maintained. They’re often introduced to a flock by new birds that weren’t properly quarantined or through wild birds that visit coops. If wild birds are a problem in your area, consider installing  bird netting to keep wild birds away.

Even in well-maintained setups, scaly leg mites can occasionally appear, making regular flock checks vital for early detection.

Symptoms of Scaly Leg Mites

Early signs include:

• Flaky, dry skin around the legs and feet.
• Mild swelling or irritation, which may initially go unnoticed.
• Scales appearing slightly raised or uneven.

As the infestation worsens:

• Scales becoming thickened and crusty, resembling the rough texture of a crocodile’s skin or a warty toad.
• Legs and feet appearing inflamed, with noticeable redness or scabs.
• Lameness or reluctance to walk as the mites cause discomfort.
• Severe deformities in extreme cases, including permanent damage to the legs and feet.

Be aware that some conditions, like bumblefoot or fungal infections, can cause similar symptoms. Look closely at your chickens’ legs and feet, paying attention to any signs of mites burrowing under the scales.

Chickens with weaker immune systems, such as those at the bottom of the pecking order or already dealing with illness or deficiencies, are more likely to experience severe symptoms. These birds may need extra care and attention to recover fully.

If you’re uncertain, seek advice from a poultry expert or veterinarian.

How to Treat Scaly Leg Mites in Chickens

1. Soak and Clean

Start by soaking your chicken’s legs in warm, soapy water or a solution of Epsom salts for 5–10 minutes. This helps soften the scales and loosen any crusty build-up.

Gently scrub the legs with a soft brush to clean the area, taking care not to irritate inflamed skin.

2. Apply Treatment

Dry the legs thoroughly and apply a veterinary-recommended scaly leg mite treatment. For natural options, oils like coconut or neem can smother the mites and provide soothing relief for the skin.

These methods work by cutting off the mites’ oxygen supply but do not kill mite eggs embedded under the scales. To enhance effectiveness, you can follow your initial treatment with a layer of petroleum jelly or vegetable oil to seal the scales and trap remaining mites.

Poultry supply stores or online retailers often stock mite sprays and leg treatments specifically for chickens. Always check product labels for safe use with egg-laying birds.

3. Repeat Regularly

Because suffocation methods don’t eliminate unhatched eggs, you’ll need to repeat the process every few days for 2–3 weeks. This ensures new mites are killed as they hatch and prevents reinfestation.

Natural Treatments for Scaly Leg Mites

For those seeking a natural approach:

• Coconut oil: Softens scales and suffocates mites.
• Neem oil: A natural pesticide that promotes healing.
• Diatomaceous earth (DE): A fine powder made from fossilised algae. While DE is effective for treating coops and preventing mites, it won’t work on birds as it cannot penetrate scales.

How NOT to Treat Chicken Leg Mites

While there’s plenty of advice online, some commonly recommended treatments for scaly leg mites can harm your chickens or be ineffective.

Avoid the following:

• Dangerous chemicals: Petrol, kerosene, and WD40 may cause severe irritation, pain, and long-term health issues if absorbed through the skin.
• Ineffective remedies: Crisco, vegetable oil, and petroleum jelly might smother some mites but are not reliable treatments.
• Misuse of natural remedies: Garlic cloves in water or diatomaceous earth applied directly to birds are unlikely to work. While DE can effectively kill mites in the coop, it cannot penetrate the scales on a chicken’s legs.

Instead, stick to proven treatments that prioritise your chickens’ comfort and safety.

Other Issues with Similar Symptoms

Scaly leg mites aren’t the only cause of leg and foot issues in chickens.

Be sure to rule out these possibilities:

• Bumblefoot: A bacterial infection that presents as swelling, scabs, or limping.
• Fungal infections: These can cause flaky, irritated skin.
• Injuries: Bruising or cuts can mimic the swelling seen with mites.

If you’re unsure, consult a vet to ensure you’re addressing the right issue.

Prevention Tips

Preventing scaly leg mites is much easier than treating an infestation.

Follow these tips to keep your flock mite-free:

1. Clean your coop regularly: Replace bedding weekly, scrub roosts, and disinfect surfaces to remove mites and their eggs.
2. Inspect your flock often: Check legs for early signs during routine health checks.
3. Quarantine new birds: Isolate any newcomers for at least two weeks to prevent introducing mites or other illnesses.
4. Prevent Wild Birds: Wild birds can carry mites and other diseases. Install bird netting to keep wild birds and predators out of the chicken coop.
5. Use quality feeders and drinkers: Stress weakens chickens’ immune systems, making them more vulnerable to parasites. Invest in sturdy, easy-to-use chicken feeders and drinkers.

Keep Your Flock Healthy and Comfortable

Protecting your chooks from scaly leg mites is all about prevention and early intervention. With clean coops, regular health checks, and the right treatments, your birds can stay happy, healthy, and productive.

To make chicken keeping easier, check out our range of chicken feeders and chicken drinkers, designed to reduce waste and improve flock wellbeing. Questions? Contact us today for expert advice tailored to Kiwi chicken keepers.

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Feeding your chickens shouldn't be a daily chore or a constant worry about waste and pests. We've seen firsthand how the right feeder can make all the difference.

Our waste-reducing chicken feeders are designed to simplify your life, save you money, and keep your flock healthy.

They're not just feeders; they're a long-term investment in your poultry's wellbeing.

→ See all our chicken feeders

Key Features and Benefits

• Save Money and Reduce Waste: Our feeders prevent feed spillage, saving you money on wasted feed.
• Durable Materials: Made from industrial-quality ASA plastic, our feeders outlast cheap alternatives.
• Pest Prevention: By keeping feed off the ground, we help deter rodents and wild birds.
• Easy Maintenance: No moving parts mean less hassle and more time enjoying your chickens.
• Upgrade Today: Explore our feeders and feeder and drinker kits to transform your chicken-keeping experience.

The Problem with Traditional Feeders

Cheap, mass-produced feeders often seem like a bargain until they break after a few weeks or create more problems than they solve.

Metal feeders like the popular treadle feeders can rust and contaminate feed, and those with moving parts like treadle feeders eventually seize up.

Joins and screws can leak, spoiling the feed you've invested in. I've been there, frustrated with the constant need to replace feeders and deal with wasted feed attracting pests.

Why Reducing Feed Waste Matters

Wasted feed isn't just about money—it's about the health of your chickens and your coop's hygiene.

When feed spills onto the ground:

• Rodents and Pests Thrive: The smell attracts rats, mice, and wild birds.
• Disease Risk Increases: Contaminated feed can make your chickens ill.
• Mould Growth: Wet or damp feed can harbour mould, which is harmful if ingested.

No feeder is 100% waste or rodent proof, but ours comes pretty close. After a decade of product testing and development, we can comfortably say it's the best feeder we've ever used.

Our Solution: Waste-Reducing Chicken Feeders

We've developed feeders that tackle these issues head-on, ensuring you feed your chickens the right amount without the waste.

Industrial-Quality Materials

Our feeders are made from ASA plastic, a material known for its durability and UV resistance—essential for New Zealand's varied climate. Unlike galvanised metal:

• No Rust: ASA won't corrode, keeping your feed safe.
• BPA-Free and Non-Toxic: Safe for your chickens and the environment.
• UV-Treated: Prevents degradation from the sun, so your feeder lasts longer.

Clever Design, No Moving Parts

• Click-Together Assembly: Eliminates the need for screws or glue, preventing leaks.
• Opaque Construction: Protects feed from sunlight, preserving its nutritional value.
• No Seizing Up: Without moving parts, there's nothing to break or malfunction.

How Our Feeders Reduce Waste

Chickens naturally scratch and scatter food, but our feeders are designed to curb this behaviour.

Key Features

1. Vertical and Horizontal Paddles: Patented design prevents chickens from thrashing feed out.
2. Elevated Feeding Port: Chickens insert their heads to eat, reducing spillage.
3. Rain Protection: Keeps feed dry, preventing mould and spoilage.

By keeping feed contained, you not only reduce waste but also make your coop less attractive to pests.

Practical Benefits for New Zealand Chicken Keepers

Save Time and Money

• Less Frequent Refills: Our feeders hold enough feed to last days, depending on your flock size.
• Reduced Feed Costs: Minimising waste means you buy feed less often.

Healthier Flock

• Clean Feeding Environment: Prevents contamination from droppings and dampness.
• Balanced Diet: Encourage consistent consumption of feed, promoting better nutrition.

Peace of Mind

Knowing your feeder won't fail or contribute to pest problems allows you to enjoy chicken keeping without constant worries.

Complement Your Feeder with the Right Feed

While our feeders do a lot of the heavy lifting, pairing them with the right feed maximises their effectiveness.

• Use Pellets or Mash: These feeds flow well in our feeders and discourage selective eating.
• Avoid Scratch Mixes: Chickens may pick out favourite bits, leading to waste.

For more on what to feed your chickens, check out our guides on how much to feed chickens per day and what not to feed chickens.

Upgrade to a Feeder and Drinker Kit

For the ultimate in convenience and efficiency, consider our feeder and drinker kits.

• All-in-One Solution: Provides both feed and water in matching, efficient designs.
• Consistent Quality: Made with the same durable materials and smart design features.

Explore our feeder and drinker kits to give your chickens the best setup possible.

Make the Smart Investment Today

Don't settle for feeders that cause more problems than they solve. Our waste-reducing chicken feeders are an investment that pays off quickly through saved feed costs and fewer headaches.

Transform Your Chicken-Keeping Experience

Ready to upgrade? Visit our online store to find the perfect feeder for your flock.

Let's make chicken keeping easier and more enjoyable together!

Raising healthy baby chicks starts with giving them the right food and environment from day one.

Knowing what they need—and just as importantly, what to avoid—can make all the difference in their development.

To keep things simple, this guide covers the essentials on feeding, hydration, and supplements to get your chicks off to a great start. Whether you’re raising a few backyard chickens or expanding your flock, this advice is based on real know-how to help your chicks grow strong and healthy.

Key Takeaways to Know about Feeding Chicks

• First 24 hours: Chicks don’t need food or water right away after hatching, so don't give them food or water in the first 24 hours.
• Teach eating and drinking: Chicks may need guidance to find and understand their food and water sources if you are raising them by yourself.
• Buy medicated chick starter feed: Look for a chick starter feed with 18-23% protein to support rapid growth. Medicated feed contains amprolium to prevent coccidiosis.
• Avoid treats initially: Stick with a quality starter feed to prevent any nutritional gaps in early growth.
• Water safety: Use a chick-safe drinker to avoid drowning and contaminated water.
• Supplements and vitamins: Chicks benefit from vitamins A, D, E, B-complex, and minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
• Clean brooder environment: Hygiene is key to preventing illness - consider adding apple cider vinegar or probiotics to their water.

First 24 Hours

For the first 24-72 hours, chicks don’t require food or water as they are still absorbing nutrients from their yolk sac.

This natural source provides enough protein, vitamins, and minerals to sustain them, helping the chicks gain strength without any additional feeding.

So, in those first hours, focus on keeping them warm and safe as they adjust to their new environment. This can be done by keeping your chicks in a brooder with an appropriate heat source like a brooder heat plate or heat lamp.

Teaching Chicks to Eat and Drink

Once you’re ready to introduce food and water (after 24-72 hours of hatching), it’s important to show chicks how to access their feeder and drinker, especially if a mother hen isn’t around.

In a natural setting, chicks learn by mimicking their mother’s behavior. She’ll cluck softly, scratch around to expose food, and dip her beak in water to show them where and how to drink.

But when there’s no hen around, you’ll need to step in and gently teach them.

Here’s how to guide your chicks:

1. Introduce Them to Water First: After placing them in the brooder, gently dip each chick’s beak into their waterer for a second, then release. This helps them understand where the water is and how to access it. Make sure to use a shallow drinker or a lubing cup drinker like ours designed for chicks to prevent drowning.
2. Sprinkle Some Feed Nearby: Start with a small amount of chick starter crumble on the floor of the brooder or on a shallow plate, so it’s easy for them to spot and peck at. You might even tap at the feed with your finger, mimicking a pecking motion, which can encourage them to start eating.
3. Use the Right Feeder: Setting up a feeder that’s the right size and height for chicks can also make a big difference. Our small chicken feeder is perfect for this purpose, as it’s easy for them to access without spilling. Position the feeder at eye level for the chicks so they can comfortably reach their food.

By guiding them initially, you’re helping them develop a natural routine of eating and drinking, which they’ll continue independently as they grow.

This little bit of attention in the early days can go a long way in setting them up for a healthy start!

We posted this cute video on our Facebook page about chicks learning how to use a waterer - check it out!

Choosing the Right Chick Starter Feed

Chick starter feed is the best choice for young birds, ideally formulated with 18-23% protein, which is critical for their growth during these early weeks.

Here’s a breakdown of what a good starter feed should include:

• Protein: 18-20% for muscle and feather development.
• Fat: Around 3% for energy.
• Fiber: 4-5% to aid digestion.
• Vitamins: A balanced starter should include vitamins A (for vision), D (for bone health), E (immune support), and a B-complex to promote healthy metabolism.
• Minerals: Key minerals like calcium (for bone growth) and phosphorus should be present.

This balance of nutrients makes commercial starter feeds preferable to homemade mixes, which may lack essential nutrients in the right quantities.

Medicated vs. Unmedicated Chick Starter Feed: Coccidiosis Prevention for Chicks

Medicated chick feeds often contain amprolium, which helps prevent coccidiosis—a common and sometimes deadly parasite infection in young chicks.

Medicated feed is typically suitable unless your chicks have been vaccinated for coccidiosis, in which case, an unmedicated starter may be better. But medicated feed is not harmful even if your chicks have been vaccinated.

For peace of mind, confirm with your feed supplier or vet if unsure.

Avoiding Homemade Feeds and Treats

It can be tempting to mix up a homemade feed or toss a few treats their way, but homemade mixes often miss key nutrients.

We at Dine-A-Chook never recommend making homemade feed for chicks!

Stick with a commercial starter feed to keep their diet balanced and safe.

Also, for the first month, avoid treats that can interfere with essential nutrients. Fresh greens and small seeds may seem harmless, but they can reduce your chicks’ intake of protein and critical vitamins in the starter feed, affecting their overall development.

Water Safety for Chicks: Tips for Clean, Accessible Hydration

Young chicks need clean water available at all times after the first 24 hours, and the best way to provide this is with a  chick-safe drinker to prevent spills, drowning, or contamination.

In this picture, chicks are drinking from our lubing cup drinker.

Position the drinker close to their starter feed to encourage hydration.

Don't add sugar or other additives to the water, as these can upset their digestion in the early stages. Some mineral and vitamin supplements in the water source can be OK, and we'll list those next!

For more advice on water requirements, check out our article How Much Water Do Chickens Need.

Supplements and Vitamins to Prevent Deficiencies

While a high-quality chick starter feed generally meets all their nutritional needs, some chicks may benefit from additional vitamin support, especially if they show signs of deficiencies.

Below are common supplements to consider, particularly if you’re seeing weak growth or issues in your flock:

• Vitamin A – Essential for eye health and growth. A deficiency can lead to poor vision and stunted growth.
• Vitamin D – Critical for calcium absorption, which supports strong bones. Chicks lacking vitamin D may develop soft bones or rickets.
• Vitamin E – Important for immune health and muscle function. Deficiencies can cause muscular issues like weakness or loss of coordination.
• B-Complex Vitamins – Supports metabolism, energy levels, and nervous system health. A deficiency, particularly in vitamin B1 (thiamine), may cause leg weakness or paralysis.
• Calcium and Phosphorus – Necessary for bone development. While chicks don’t need as much calcium as laying hens, a small amount in their starter feed helps with skeletal strength.

If you notice symptoms like leg weakness or delayed growth, you can use a poultry-specific vitamin supplement in their water. Be sure to follow the instructions carefully to avoid overdosing, as too many vitamins can be just as harmful as too few.

In addition to clean water, you can add a small amount of apple cider vinegar (1 teaspoon per liter of water) to support their immune system and balance gut bacteria.

Probiotics are another useful additive, especially if your chicks are stressed or exposed to new environments. Probiotics promote healthy gut flora, which is essential for nutrient absorption and overall health.

Avoiding Toxic Foods and Unsafe Substances

When feeding chicks, stick strictly to chick starter feed and avoid foods that could harm them.

Here’s a quick list of items to avoid:

• No processed foods – These are often too salty or sugary for chicks.
• No raw beans – Contain toxins that are dangerous for young birds.
• Avoid chocolate and avocado – Both contain compounds that can be fatal to chickens.
• No moldy or spoiled food – Can introduce dangerous fungi and bacteria.

See our full list of foods chickens cannot eat.

Keep the Brooder Clean to Avoid Health Issues

One of the simplest ways to keep your chicks thriving is to keep things clean. Dirty bedding and feed dishes can lead to nasty infections. Here’s a few quick tips:

1. Change the bedding every day or two – Damp, dirty bedding’s a breeding ground for bacteria, which you don’t want anywhere near your young birds.
2. Scrub feeders and drinkers – Give them a quick rinse daily to keep everything fresh and prevent bacteria from building up.
3. Fresh air – Keep the brooder ventilated to stop ammonia buildup from their droppings.
4. Avoid overcrowding – Give them space to run around. Packed-in chicks are stressed chicks, and stress can make them sick.

By keeping the brooder clean, you’ll help prevent nasty stuff like coccidiosis, which can spread fast in a crowded, dirty space.

Helping Chicks Grow with the Right Feeder and Drinker Setup

The right setup makes a big difference. When they’re little, they need easy access to food and water at their level. Our small chicken feeder is a great size—it keeps their food in reach and reduces spills. As they grow, you can adjust the height so they aren’t bending down too much.

And make sure their drinker’s chick-safe, too. Open water dishes can lead to wet, messy disasters and even drownings. The drinker should be easy to access without the risk of them hopping in or knocking it over.

Tips for Keeping Your Flock Healthy as They Grow

As your chicks mature, their dietary needs will shift, requiring adjustments to their feed and supplement regimen.

By following the steps above, you’re laying a strong foundation for their health and growth. Over the next few months, monitor their progress, adjust the feed type when necessary, and continue with good hygiene practices.

For more on chick feeding and other poultry care tips, visit our Dine-A-Chook blog, or check out How Much to Feed Chickens per Day for advice on feeding as they grow.

Ready to Raise Healthy Chicks?

Starting your chicks on a solid nutrition plan is a big step toward a thriving flock. If you need chick feeders, drinkers, or even a bit more advice, explore our collection of feeders and drinkers, designed to grow with your birds.

For any questions, contact us – we're here to help every step of the way!

Your backyard chickens love to eat kitchen scraps, and there's nothing better than watching them scratch around happily pecking at leftover food.

But not all scraps are safe for your flock.

To keep your chooks healthy and laying eggs, you must know what scraps you can feed them and what you should avoid. In this guide, we’ll help you figure out which scraps are safe for your chickens and which ones are not. Feeding the right scraps means healthier, happier chickens that lay better eggs—and who doesn't want that?

While you’re improving their diet, why not make feeding and watering easier with our handy feeder and drinker kits?

Check them out here: Feeder and Drinker Kits.

Key takeaways about feeding food scraps to chickens:

• Good scraps in moderation: Most fruit, veggies, grains, and cooked meat are great for your chickens.
• Avoid dangerous scraps: No foods high in fat, sugar, or salt, and avoid toxic items like avocado, chocolate, and coffee. See a full list of foods not to feed your chickens.
• Feeding safe scraps can boost your chickens' diet and keep them healthier and happier.
• Check out our feeder and drinker kits for easy, mess-free feeding.

A common question for Kiwi chicken keepers is how much to feed chickens each day to keep them healthy and productive.

Generally, chickens need around 120-130 grams of feed daily, but this can vary with their age, breed, and whether they’re for eggs or meat.

Chickens do best when they have unlimited access to food and fresh water to eat and drink as they need. For water details, see our guide to chicken water needs.

Dine-A-Chook feeders make it easy to provide consistent, waste-free access to feed. Available in two sizes, Small Feeder (3.5L) and Large Feeder (4.7L), these feeders are designed to save feed costs and keep food dry, even in changing New Zealand weather.

→ Explore our feeders here

Daily Feeding Guide for Chickens

On average, adult chickens need:

• 120-125 grams for laying hens to keep up egg production.
• 130 grams for broilers (meat chickens), which consume more as they grow.

For a flock of six, that’s about 700-800 grams of feed each day. The Large Feeder (4.7L) holds enough for multiple days, keeping feed available so your chickens can eat naturally and stay healthy.

For larger flocks, it’s best to get multiple feeders to avoid frequent refilling and to avoid pecking order issues.

Feeding Needs by Age

To better manage costs and health, here’s what to expect in feed needs by age:

• Chicks: From hatch to 8 weeks, chicks need 10-25 grams daily, increasing as they grow.
• Pullets: Between 8-20 weeks, young chickens eat 60-100 grams daily as they develop.
• Laying Hens: Hens need 120-125 grams each day once they start laying.
• Broilers: Meat chickens may eat up to 130 grams daily or more.

These values are averages; keeping feed available all day lets chickens adjust to their needs naturally.

Note: pay attention also to the type of feed you give your chickens at different stages of life. Chicks need chick starter feed and laying chickens do best with layer feed.

Benefits of Having the Right Feeder

Dine-A-Chook feeders are ideal for reducing waste and protecting feed from rain.

Here’s why they’re great for Kiwi flocks:

• Less Feed Waste: The special feed trough stops chickens from scattering feed, saving on costs.
• Weather Protection: Each feeder has a patented rain hood to keep feed dry.
• Right Size for All Flocks: Choose the Small Feeder (3.5L) for chicks or small flocks, or the Large Feeder (4.7L) for larger groups. Each feeder can feed 4-6 chickens for several days.

Feeding Tips for a Healthy Flock

1. Check Feed Levels Often: Regular checks make sure food is always available.
2. Watch Your Flock’s Behavior: Healthy chickens are active, social, and lay regularly if they’re layers.
3. Adapt to the Weather: In colder months, chickens may need extra feed to stay warm.

Why Free Feeding Works for Chickens

Allowing chickens constant access to food has many benefits:

• Reduces Stress: When food is always available, chickens don’t fight over it.
• Supports Growth and Egg Production: Free feeding ensures hens lay steadily and broilers grow well.

With a Dine-A-Chook feeder, free feeding is straightforward, reducing the need for constant refills and keeping feed fresh.

How Much Feed Per Chicken Daily?

For easy planning, allow around 120 grams per chicken daily.

For example:

• 10 chickens: Plan for 1.2 kg of feed each day.
• 20 chickens: Plan for 2.4 kg daily.

Our Small Feeder (3.5L) suits small flocks, while the Large Feeder (4.7L) is ideal for larger groups, making free feeding convenient.

Feed Right with Dine-A-Chook

Feeding chickens properly doesn’t have to be hard.

Knowing their daily feed needs and using a reliable feeder makes poultry care easy and efficient.

Dine-A-Chook feeders are perfect for Kiwi chicken keepers who want a simple, waste-free way to manage feed. For more on how our feeders can make a difference, check out our full range here.

Happy chicken keeping!

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• Chicken drinkers
• Chicken feeders

Feeding chickens safely means knowing which foods can harm them.

Some everyday items, like avocado and raw beans, can be toxic, while others, such as citrus or garlic, should only be given occasionally. Even certain plants, like azalea and ivy, can pose serious risks.

To keep your chooks healthy, stick to fresh water and good-quality chicken feed as the main diet. Using a reliable  chicken feeder or drinker can help prevent waste and make feeding easier.

If you’re new to keeping chickens, start with the essentials and make sure to avoid any foods or plants that could harm them.

Harmful and Toxic Foods for Chickens

Not all foods are safe for chickens, and some can be downright dangerous. Knowing what not to feed chickens can help you avoid serious health issues or even death in your flock. The list below covers what foods are harmful or toxic to chickens, so you’ll know what food kills chickens instantly and what to keep out of their diet.

1. Avocado

The skins and pits contain persin, a toxin that can cause severe health issues such as breathing and heart problems. Even small amounts can be lethal, so it’s safest to avoid feeding avocados altogether.

2. Raw or Dried Beans

Especially kidney beans, these contain phytohaemagglutinin, a highly toxic compound. Ingesting even a few beans can be fatal to chickens, so only feed cooked beans.

3. Raw Green Potato Skins

Green potato skins contain solanine, a harmful toxin that affects both chickens and humans. Avoid feeding potato peels to your flock.

4. Tomato Plants and Leaves

While ripe tomatoes are safe, the leaves and stems are toxic due to solanine content. Keep chickens away from tomato plants.

5. Rhubarb

Contains oxalic acid, which can be poisonous to chickens, leading to symptoms like weakness or death.

6. Chocolate

Theobromine and caffeine, found in chocolate, are toxic to chickens, affecting their heart and nervous system. Keep all chocolate products away from the flock.

7. Apple Seeds

While apples are fine, their seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can release cyanide. Always remove seeds before feeding apples.

8. Apricot Pits and Leaves

Similar to apple seeds, apricot pits contain amygdalin, a compound that can convert to cyanide. Avoid feeding pits or leaves.

9. Moldy or Spoiled Foods

Mold can produce harmful mycotoxins, posing a risk to chickens. Only feed fresh food.

10. Alcohol

Chickens are unable to process alcohol, which can quickly lead to poisoning. Never offer alcohol.

11. Caffeine (Tea, Coffee Grounds, etc.)

Caffeine affects the heart and nervous system. Keep caffeinated products out of reach.

Foods to Avoid or Give in Moderation

1. Citrus Fruits

Not toxic, but can reduce egg production. It’s best to limit or avoid.

2. Onions

Contains thiosulfate, which can cause anemia. While small amounts might not harm them, it’s safer to avoid feeding onions.

3. Garlic in Excess

Beneficial in small doses but can cause digestive problems if overfed. Use sparingly.

4. Salty Foods

High sodium content can lead to salt toxicity. Limit salty treats.

5. Sugary or Fried Foods

Disrupts digestion and general health. Avoid or give only occasionally.

Toxic Plants and Weeds for Chickens

In addition to certain foods, some plants and weeds can pose serious risks to chickens. It’s important to recognize these and keep your flock away from any potentially harmful vegetation.

1. Azalea

Ingesting even small amounts can be fatal. If you have azaleas in your garden, ensure chickens cannot access them.

2. Bracken Fern

This fern contains toxins that can harm a chicken’s nervous system. Avoid areas where it grows.

3. Lupine

Can cause birth defects in chicks and pose other health risks. It’s best to keep lupine away from areas where chickens roam.

4. Oak (Acorns and Leaves)

Oak trees produce tannins, which can cause digestive problems if consumed in large amounts.

5. Periwinkle

Can impact the heart and nervous system of chickens if ingested.

6. Tulip Bulbs

Tulip bulbs contain toxic compounds that can harm chickens.

7. Horseradish Leaves

While the root is safe in small amounts, the leaves contain compounds that cause digestive upset.

8. Ivy (All Types)

Contains saponins, which are harmful when ingested. Keep chickens away from all types of ivy.

9. Rhododendron

Like azaleas, rhododendrons contain grayanotoxins that can cause severe symptoms or death.

10. Hyacinth

The bulbs contain harmful alkaloids. Keep chickens away from hyacinth plants.

11. Hydrangea

Contains cyanogenic glycosides, similar to apple seeds. Prevent access to hydrangeas.

12. Lantana

Can cause liver damage and other health problems.

13. Castor Bean Plant

Contains ricin, which is highly toxic. Avoid any contact.

14. Foxglove

Foxglove contains digitalis, a compound that can affect the heart.

Other Substances and Liquids to Avoid

Chickens should also be kept away from certain liquids and man-made substances that can be harmful if ingested.

Unsafe Liquids

• Alcohol: Can quickly lead to poisoning.
• Caffeinated Beverages (Tea, Coffee): Affects the heart and nervous system.
• Sugary Drinks (Soda, Juice): Can disrupt digestion.
• Milk in Large Quantities: Chickens struggle to digest lactose; small amounts are fine. Especially unsweetened greek yogurt can be a good way to give your chickens some probiotics.

Man-Made Substances

While these items aren’t food, it’s a good idea to keep an eye out for things like peeling paint on the chook house or pest control products nearby. Always make sure your chickens are kept safe from harmful chemicals or materials around the yard.

• Pesticides and Herbicides: Can be fatal; keep chickens away from treated areas.
• Paint Chips (Especially Older Paint with Lead): Risk of lead poisoning.
• Treated Wood: Contains chemicals that could leach out.
• Rat Poison or Bait: Highly toxic even in small quantities.
• Plastic and Styrofoam: May cause blockages if ingested.
• Antifreeze: Contains ethylene glycol, which is very toxic.
• Household Cleaners and Chemicals: Exposure to bleach, ammonia, etc., can be dangerous.
• Fertilizers: Even organic types may contain harmful substances.

For more tips on keeping your flock safe and healthy, check out our guide on  how to keep chickens from wasting food.

Safe Feeding Practices for Chickens

Keeping your chooks healthy starts with safe feeding habits. Here are some simple tips to make sure they get the right nutrition and stay out of harm's way:

• Always provide fresh water: Make sure chicken waterers are clean and always topped up. Read how much water do chickens need.
• Offer a balanced diet: Use commercial chicken feed as the main food source.
• Limit treats: Too many extras can mess with their nutrition.
• Inspect the garden regularly: Keep an eye out for any toxic plants or other hazards.

For more feeding tips, check out  The Dine-A-Chook Guide to Feeding Backyard Chickens. And if you need reliable feeders, explore our range of chicken feeders.

Happy feeding!

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• Chicken drinkers
• Chichen feeders
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